Quiz Entry - updated: 2026.07.14
What are the seven perspectives in Mintzberg's strategy bridge?
Look back, look from above, look sideways, look from below, look forward, look beyond, and see the implementation through to the end.
* Mintzberg's strategy bridge: look back/above/beyond/forward/sideways/below, then implement. *
The seven viewpoints, each answering a different question:
| # | Perspective | Focus |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Look back | What path have we taken; which strategies worked or failed? (event analysis) |
| 2 | Look from above | Analyze the whole market and macro environment (sociological, macroeconomic trends) |
| 3 | Look sideways | Where do competitors stand; what are they doing? (benchmarking) |
| 4 | Look from below | Internal sales/cost figures and our own strengths & weaknesses |
| 5 | Look forward | What scenarios emerge for the future of markets and the organization? |
| 6 | Look beyond | Use creativity techniques to imagine developments not currently predictable |
| 7 | See implementation through | Sustainably carry the strategy out to the end |
Tip: Notice the spread across time — back (past), above/sideways/below (present), forward/beyond (future) — plus a final action step. It's a deliberate antidote to tunnel vision.