LIOS Logs

Mount it by UUID in /etc/fstab with the extra option x-systemd.requires=stratisd.service, so systemd starts the Stratis daemon before trying to mount. A Stratis filesystem only exists while its daemon (stratisd) is running — the daemon assembles the pool from the underlying disks...

Quiz: LIOS / Disk and Block Device Management | updated: Jul 30, 2026

One direction (>) for stdout, 2> for stderr, >> to append, and 2>&1 to fold stderr into wherever stdout currently points. * The output-redirection operators at a glance. * Syntax Meaning > file stdout → file (overwrite/truncate) 1> file same, with explicit FD 1 >> fil...

Quiz: LIOS / Reading and Editing Files from the Command Line | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Four modes — Normal (commands), Insert (i to type), Visual (v to select), Command (: for :w/:q) — and Esc always returns to Normal. * Vim's mode transitions — Normal is the hub, with Insert, Visual and Command-line reached from it (Esc always returns to Normal). — Harp, CC BY-SA...

Quiz: LIOS / Reading and Editing Files from the Command Line | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Visual mode highlights text first, then you act on it: v selects characters, V whole lines, Ctrl+v a rectangular block. Visual mode is the "select, then do" workflow familiar from GUI editors — useful when a precise motion isn't obvious. You expand the selection by moving, then h...

Quiz: LIOS / Reading and Editing Files from the Command Line | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Send stdout to the file first, then add 2>&1 to copy stderr to the same place: command > file 2>&1. command > output.log 2>&1 # both streams, overwrite command >> output.log 2>&1 # both streams, append Decoding 2>&1: read it as "make FD 2 (stderr) go to wherever FD 1 (std...

Quiz: LIOS / Reading and Editing Files from the Command Line | updated: Jul 30, 2026

/dev contains "device files" — special entries that let you talk to hardware (and some virtual devices) as if they were ordinary files you read from and write to. This embodies the Unix mantra "everything is a file." Instead of inventing a separate API for disks, terminals, and s...

Quiz: LIOS / Files and Directories | updated: Jul 30, 2026

/var holds data that grows and changes as the system runs — logs, caches, mail and print queues, databases — as opposed to the static program files elsewhere. The filesystem is partly organised by how often things change, and /var is the "writes happen here constantly" bucket. Th...

Quiz: LIOS / Files and Directories | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Globbing is the shell expanding wildcard characters like * and ? into matching filenames before the command runs — so rm *.tmp is really rm handed the full list of .tmp files. * The glob wildcard set the shell expands before the command ever runs. * The crucial mental model: the...

Quiz: LIOS / Files and Directories | updated: Jul 30, 2026

Tab completion lets you type the first few characters of a command or filename and press Tab to have the shell finish it for you — saving keystrokes and, more importantly, preventing typos. It's not just a convenience; it's a correctness tool. Because the shell completes only aga...

Quiz: LIOS / Files and Directories | updated: Jul 30, 2026

A working Linux system is layered: the kernel at the bottom, system software around it, and user applications on top — the kernel alone isn't a usable OS. The point of this layering is that each tier depends only on the one below it. Applications talk to system software, system s...

Quiz: LIOS / Linux Introduction | updated: Jul 30, 2026