NETW2 Logs
The core set: show interfaces, show running-config/show startup-config, show flash, show version, show ip/ipv6 interface, and show mac-address-table.
Command
What It Shows
show interfaces [interface-id]
Interface status, statistics, speed, duplex, errors
show startup-con...
Q What IPv6 addresses does show ipv6 interface brief display per interface?
Two per interface: a link-local address (FE80::), valid only on the local link, and a globally routable global unicast address.
* Every IPv6 interface has a link-local address; the global one is configured. *
R1# show ipv6 interface brief
GigabitEthernet0/0/0 [up/up]
FE80::72...
Q What are runts, giants, and CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) errors on a switch interface?
Runts are frames under 64 bytes, giants exceed 1,518 bytes, and CRC errors are checksum mismatches — all counted by show interfaces and usually pointing at bad NICs, cabling, or interference.
Error Type
Description
Common Cause
Runts
Frames smaller than 64 bytes (minimum E...
Q What do the two status parameters in the show interfaces output mean?
First parameter = physical layer (is there a carrier?); second parameter = data link layer (are protocol keepalives arriving?).
* The four show interfaces status/protocol states. *
Example: FastEthernet0/18 is up, line protocol is up (connected)
State Combination
Meaning
Like...
Q What do the 'C' and 'L' codes mean in the output of show ip route?
C marks a directly connected network (the whole subnet); L marks the local /32 host route for the router's own interface address.
* One configured interface, two entries in the routing table. *
R1# show ip route
C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet0/0/0
L...
Q Why should SSH (Secure Shell) be used instead of Telnet for remote device management?
Telnet sends everything — including the password — in plaintext that a sniffer reads directly; SSH encrypts the whole session.
* Telnet is plaintext; SSH encrypts the session. *
Feature
Telnet
SSH
Port
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) 23
TCP 22
Encryption
None — plai...
Q What does the boot system command do on a Cisco switch, and what happens if the BOOT variable is not...
Sets the BOOT environment variable that tells the switch which IOS image to load from flash; if it is not set, the switch just loads the first executable file it can find.
* Setting BOOT makes the running image a decision rather than an accident. *
S1(config)# boot system flash:...
Q What is the general troubleshooting process for network access layer issues on a switch?
Start with show interfaces, then branch: if it's up but faulty chase noise/duplex; if it's down chase cabling/speed; if still unsolved, document and escalate.
* The access-layer troubleshooting decision flow. *
Flowchart:
Run show interfaces
Is the interface up?
YES (up/up but...
Q What are the four filtering parameters for Cisco IOS show command output?
section, include, exclude, and begin — each piped after a show command with the | character to trim its output.
Syntax: show [command] | [filter] [expression]
Filter
Function
Example
section
Shows the entire section starting with the match
show running-config | section vty...
Q What are the six steps to configure SSH (Secure Shell) on a Cisco switch?
Verify SSH support → set IP domain → generate RSA keys → create a local user → configure the VTY (Virtual Teletype) lines for SSH → force SSH version 2.
* The six steps to enable SSH. *
Prerequisites: The switch must have a unique hostname and correct network settings.
Step
A...