What commands are used to view network configuration in Linux?

ip a shows addresses, ip route the routing table, ss open sockets, and nmcli dev/con show NetworkManager's view — these replace the deprecated ifconfig/netstat/route.

The modern ip and ss tools (from iproute2) superseded the old ifconfig, route, and netstat, which are no longer installed by default on many distros. The mental split: ip/ss read the live kernel state, while nmcli reads/writes NetworkManager's saved configuration.

Connectivity & sockets:

ping -c3 8.8.8.8            # reachability
tracepath example.com      # path + per-hop latency
ss -tl                     # listening TCP sockets (replaces netstat -tl)
ss -ua                     # UDP sockets

Tip: ss is the drop-in replacement for netstat — ss -tlnp (listening TCP, numeric, with process) is the everyday "what's listening on this port?" command.

Go deeper:

• ss(8) man page (man7.org) — the netstat replacement; -t -l -u -n -p behind the everyday ss -tlnp.
• ip-route(8) man page (man7.org) — companion iproute2 reference for ip route.