What is the difference between logical operators (&&, ||, !) and bitwise operators (&, |, ~)?

Logical operators (&& || !) treat the whole value as one true/false; bitwise operators (& | ~) act on each bit separately.

Example with x = 0x41 = 01000001, y = 0x00:

!x    = 0x00     (false, because x is non-zero)
~x    = 0xBE     (10111110, each bit inverted)

x && y = 0x00    (false AND false)
x & y  = 0x00    (bitwise AND)

Warning: && and || short-circuit evaluate; & and | always evaluate both sides.